Keith A Crutcher

Crutcher Lab Research Program: The research program is focused on two major areas. The first is the study of themechanisms underlying axonal sprouting and abortive regeneration in the mature mammalian brain. The primary model involves studies of axonal sprouting in the CNS or on sections of the CNS. Some of the findings that have emerged from this research programinclude: the demonstration of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the mammalian CNS, increased NGF in the hippocampus following septal denervation, induction of perivascular sympathetic sprouting in response to intraventricular infusion of NGF, CNS white matter inhibition of neurite outgrowth in culture, penetration of the hippocampal neuropil by sympathetic fibers, age-related decreases in target receptivity to sprouting, geometric constraints on axonal regeneration, and the hypothesis of trophomorphism. Current research, funded through the NIH, is focused on identifying the role that NGF plays in regulation of axonal growth in CNS white matter. The second research area involves studies of the role of apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's disease. This program is funded through a grant from the NIH and focuses on the hypothesis that apoE exhibits isoform-specific neurotoxic effects that may be mediated through proteolytic fragments. Current work involves studies of human brain tissue and transgenic apoE mice.

Grant: #R01-AG-20249-04 Investigators:Crutcher, Keith 09-30-2002 -08-31-2009 National Institute on Aging Proteoloysis pof apoE and Alzheimer's Pathology Role:PI $1,946,413.20 Closed Level:Federal

Grant: #n/a Investigators:Crutcher, Keith 04-24-2003 -06-15-2009 Fidelity Foundation Studies of the role of ApoE Proteolysis in Alzheimer's Pathogenesis Role:PI $100,000.00 Closed Level:Private Non-Profit

Grant: #5-R01-NS-044972-04-A1-S0-E0 Investigators:Crutcher, Keith 12-01-2002 -11-30-2006 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NGF Effects in Axonal Growth in CNS White Matter Role:PI $1,159,746.00 Closed Level:Federal

Grant: #5-R01-NS-17131-15-A0-S0-E0 Investigators:Crutcher, Keith 09-01-1994 -08-31-1999 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Axonal Growth in the Mature Mammalian CNS Role:PI $614,233.00 Closed Level:Federal

Grant: #RG1-96-043-03-A0-S0-E0 Investigators:Crutcher, Keith 01-01-1997 -12-31-1999 Alzheimer's Association Neurotoxic ApoE Peptides in Alzheimer's Disease Role:PI $144,979.00 Closed Level:Private Non-Profit

Peer Reviewed Publications

Pettigrew, David B; Singh, Niharika; Kirthivasan, Sabarish; Crutcher, Keith A (2022. ) The Role of Tissue Geometry in Spinal Cord Regeneration.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), , 58 (4 ) , More Information

Pettigrew, David B; Dobson, Curtis B; Isaacson, Lori G; Leuthardt, Eric C; Lilley, Heather N; Suidan, Georgette L; Crutcher, Keith A (2019. ) Segregated neural explants exhibit co-oriented, asymmetric, neurite outgrowth.PloS one, , 14 (9 ) ,e0216263 More Information

Richeri, Analía; Bianchimano, Paola; Crutcher, Keith A; Brauer, M Mónica (2010. ) Reduced sympathetic neurite outgrowth on uterine tissue sections from rats treated with estrogen.Cell and tissue research, , 340 (2 ) ,287-301 More Information

Crutcher, K A; Lilley, H N; Anthony, S R; Zhou, W; Narayanaswami, V (2010. ) Full-length apolipoprotein E protects against the neurotoxicity of an apoE-related peptide.Brain research, , 1306 ,106-15 More Information

Zhou, Weidong; Xu, Di; Peng, Xiaoxia; Zhang, Qiuhong; Jia, Jianping; Crutcher, Keith A (2008. ) Meta-analysis of APOE4 allele and outcome after traumatic brain injury.Journal of neurotrauma, , 25 (4 ) ,279-90 More Information

Shelton, Shirley B; Pettigrew, David B; Hermann, Alison D; Zhou, Weidong; Sullivan, Patrick M; Crutcher, Keith A; Strauss, Kenneth I (2008. ) A simple, efficient tool for assessment of mice after unilateral cortex injury.Journal of neuroscience methods, , 168 (2 ) ,431-42 More Information

Pettigrew, David B; Li, Ya-Qin; Kuntz, Charles; Crutcher, Keith A (2007. ) Global expression of NGF promotes sympathetic axonal growth in CNS white matter but does not alter its parallel orientation.Experimental neurology, , 203 (1 ) ,95-109 More Information

Zhou, W; Scott, S A; Shelton, S B; Crutcher, K A (2006. ) Cathepsin D-mediated proteolysis of apolipoprotein E: possible role in Alzheimer's disease.Neuroscience, , 143 (3 ) ,689-701 More Information

Crutcher, Keith A; Gendelman, Howard E; Kipnis, Jonathan; Perez-Polo, J Regino; Perry, V H; Popovich, Phillip G; Weaver, Lynne C (2006. ) Debate: "is increasing neuroinflammation beneficial for neural repair?".Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology, , 1 (3 ) ,195-211 More Information

Dhanoa, Navnish K; Krol, Karmen M; Jahed, Ali; Crutcher, Keith A; Kawaja, Michael D (2006. ) Null mutations for exon III and exon IV of the p75 neurotrophin receptor gene enhance sympathetic sprouting in response to elevated levels of nerve growth factor in transgenic mice.Experimental neurology, , 198 (2 ) ,416-26 More Information

Dobson, Curtis B; Sales, Sean D; Hoggard, Patrick; Wozniak, Matthew A; Crutcher, Keith A (2006. ) The receptor-binding region of human apolipoprotein E has direct anti-infective activity.The Journal of infectious diseases, , 193 (3 ) ,442-50 More Information

Bierl, Michael A; Jones, Elizabeth E; Crutcher, Keith A; Isaacson, Lori G 'Mature' nerve growth factor is a minor species in most peripheral tissues.Neuroscience letters, , 380 (1-2 ) ,133-7 More Information

Marques, Marcos A; Owens, Phillip A; Crutcher, Keith A (2004. ) Progress toward identification of protease activity involved in proteolysis of apolipoprotein e in human brain.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN, , 24 (1 ) ,73-80 More Information

Crutcher, Keith A (2004. ) Apolipoprotein E is a prime suspect, not just an accomplice, in Alzheimer's disease.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN, , 23 (3 ) ,181-8 More Information

Cowen, T; Woodhoo, A; Sullivan, C D; Jolly, R; Crutcher, K A; Wyatt, S; Michael, G J; Orike, N; Gatzinsky, K; Thrasivoulou, C (2003. ) Reduced age-related plasticity of neurotrophin receptor expression in selected sympathetic neurons of the rat.Aging cell, , 2 (1 ) ,59-69 More Information

Marques, Marcos A; Crutcher, Keith A (2003. ) Apolipoprotein E-related neurotoxicity as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN, , 20 (3 ) ,327-37 More Information

Qiu, Z; Crutcher, K A; Hyman, B T; Rebeck, G W (2003. ) ApoE isoforms affect neuronal N-methyl-D-aspartate calcium responses and toxicity via receptor-mediated processes.Neuroscience, , 122 (2 ) ,291-303 More Information

Kudwa, A E; Shoemaker, S E; Crutcher, K A; Isaacson, L G (2002. ) Evidence for reduced accumulation of exogenous neurotrophin by aged sympathetic neurons.Brain research, , 948 (1-2 ) ,24-32 More Information

Bazin, Hélène G; Marques, Marcos A; Owens, Albert P; Linhardt, Robert J; Crutcher, Keith A (2002. ) Inhibition of apolipoprotein E-related neurotoxicity by glycosaminoglycans and their oligosaccharides.Biochemistry, , 41 (25 ) ,8203-11 More Information

Teter, Bruce; Raber, Jacob; Nathan, Britto; Crutcher, Keith A (2002. ) The presence of apoE4, not the absence of apoE3, contributes to AD pathology.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, , 4 (3 ) ,155-63 More Information

Crutcher, Keith A (2002. ) Aging and neuronal plasticity: lessons from a model.Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical, , 96 (1 ) ,25-32 More Information

Pettigrew, D B; Crutcher, K A (2001. ) Myelin contributes to the parallel orientation of axonal growth on white matter in vitro.BMC neuroscience, , 2 ,9 More Information

Pettigrew, D B; Shockley, K P; Crutcher, K A (2001. ) Disruption of spinal cord white matter and sciatic nerve geometry inhibits axonal growth in vitro in the absence of glial scarring.BMC neuroscience, , 2 ,8 More Information

Krol, K M; Crutcher, K A; Kalisch, B E; Rylett, R J; Kawaja, M D (2000. ) Absence of p75(NTR) expression reduces nerve growth factor immunolocalization in cholinergic septal neurons.The Journal of comparative neurology, , 427 (1 ) ,54-66 More Information

Pettigrew, D B; Levin, L; Crutcher, K A Sympathetic neurite growth on central nervous system sections is region-specific and unaltered by aging.Neurobiology of aging, , 21 (5 ) ,629-38 More Information

Shafer, A J; Crutcher, K A; Isaacson, L G (2000. ) Remodeling of adult sensory axons in the superior cervical ganglion in response to exogenous nerve growth factor.Brain research, , 864 (2 ) ,252-62 More Information

Brauer, M M; Shockley, K P; Chávez, R; Richeri, A; Cowen, T; Crutcher, K A (2000. ) The role of NGF in pregnancy-induced degeneration and regeneration of sympathetic nerves in the guinea pig uterus.Journal of the autonomic nervous system, , 79 (1 ) ,19-27 More Information

Kuchel, G A; Crutcher, K A; Naheed, U; Thrasivoulou, C; Cowen, T NGF expression in the aged rat pineal gland does not correlate with loss of sympathetic axonal branches and varicosities.Neurobiology of aging, , 20 (6 ) ,685-93 More Information

Pettigrew, D B; Crutcher, K A (1999. ) White matter of the CNS supports or inhibits neurite outgrowth in vitro depending on geometry. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, , 19 (19 ) ,8358-66

Tolar, M; Keller, J N; Chan, S; Mattson, M P; Marques, M A; Crutcher, K A (1999. ) Truncated apolipoprotein E (ApoE) causes increased intracellular calcium and may mediate ApoE neurotoxicity. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, , 19 (16 ) ,7100-10

Walsh, G S; Krol, K M; Crutcher, K A; Kawaja, M D (1999. ) Enhanced neurotrophin-induced axon growth in myelinated portions of the CNS in mice lacking the p75 neurotrophin receptor. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, , 19 (10 ) ,4155-68

Isaacson, L G; Crutcher, K A Uninjured aged sympathetic neurons sprout in response to exogenous NGF in vivo.Neurobiology of aging, , 19 (4 ) ,333-9 More Information

Tolar, M; Scott, S A; Crutcher, K A (1998. ) Sympathetic neurite outgrowth is greater on plaque-poor vs. plaque-rich regions of Alzheimer's disease cryostat sections.Brain research, , 787 (1 ) ,49-58 More Information

Joshi, S N; Crutcher, K A (1998. ) Rat microglia exhibit increased density on Alzheimer's plaques in vitro.Experimental neurology, , 149 (1 ) ,42-50 More Information

Tolar, M; Marques, M A; Harmony, J A; Crutcher, K A (1997. ) Neurotoxicity of the 22 kDa thrombin-cleavage fragment of apolipoprotein E and related synthetic peptides is receptor-mediated. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, , 17 (15 ) ,5678-86

Kawaja, M D; Crutcher, K A (1997. ) Sympathetic axons invade the brains of mice overexpressing nerve growth factor. The Journal of comparative neurology, , 383 (1 ) ,60-72

Marques, M A; Tolar, M; Harmony, J A; Crutcher, K A (1996. ) A thrombin cleavage fragment of apolipoprotein E exhibits isoform-specific neurotoxicity.Neuroreport, , 7 (15-17 ) ,2529-32 More Information

Fahnestock, M; Scott, S A; Jetté, N; Weingartner, J A; Crutcher, K A (1996. ) Nerve growth factor mRNA and protein levels measured in the same tissue from normal and Alzheimer's disease parietal cortex.Brain research. Molecular brain research, , 42 (1 ) ,175-8 More Information

Cowen, T; Gavazzi, I; Weingartner, J; Crutcher, K A (1996. ) Levels of NGF protein do not correlate with changes in innervation of the rat iris in old age.Neuroreport, , 7 (13 ) ,2216-20 More Information

Isaacson, L G; Schwenk, K L; Billieu, S C; Crutcher, K A (1996. ) Sympathetic response to intracranial NGF infusion in the absence of afferent input: axonal sprouting without neurotransmitter production.Experimental neurology, , 141 (1 ) ,57-66 More Information

Tian, X; Scott, S A; Weingartner, J; Crutcher, K A (1996. ) Enhanced sympathetic neurite outgrowth on rat hippocampal tissue sections following septal lesions.Brain research, , 725 (1 ) ,111-4 More Information

Isaacson, L G; Ondris, D; Crutcher, K A (1995. ) Plasticity of mature sensory cerebrovascular axons following intracranial infusion of nerve growth factor.The Journal of comparative neurology, , 361 (3 ) ,451-60 More Information

Scott, S A; Mufson, E J; Weingartner, J A; Skau, K A; Crutcher, K A (1995. ) Nerve growth factor in Alzheimer's disease: increased levels throughout the brain coupled with declines in nucleus basalis. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, , 15 (9 ) ,6213-21

Yu, C; Crutcher, K A (1995. ) Nerve growth factor immunoreactivity and sympathetic sprouting in the rat hippocampal formation.Brain research, , 672 (1-2 ) ,55-67 More Information

Isaacson, L G; Crutcher, K A (1995. ) The duration of sprouted cerebrovascular axons following intracranial infusion of nerve growth factor.Experimental neurology, , 131 (2 ) ,174-9 More Information

Crutcher, K A; Clay, M A; Scott, S A; Tian, X; Tolar, M; Harmony, J A (1994. ) Neurite degeneration elicited by apolipoprotein E peptides.Experimental neurology, , 130 (1 ) ,120-6 More Information

Scott, S A; Crutcher, K A Nerve growth factor and Alzheimer's disease.Reviews in the neurosciences, , 5 (3 ) ,179-211 More Information

Scott, S A; Liang, S; Weingartner, J A; Crutcher, K A Increased NGF-like activity in young but not aged rat hippocampus after septal lesions.Neurobiology of aging, , 15 (3 ) ,337-46 More Information

Liang, S; Crutcher, K A (1993. ) Movement of embryonic chick sympathetic neurons on laminin in vitro is preceded by neurite extension.Journal of neuroscience research, , 36 (6 ) ,607-20 More Information

Crutcher, K A; Scott, S A; Liang, S; Everson, W V; Weingartner, J (1993. ) Detection of NGF-like activity in human brain tissue: increased levels in Alzheimer's disease. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, , 13 (6 ) ,2540-50

Crutcher, Keith A (1993. ) Fetal tissue research: the cutting edge?.The Linacre quarterly, , 60 (2 ) ,10-9 More Information

Carpenter, M K; Crutcher, K A; Kater, S B An analysis of the effects of Alzheimer's plaques on living neurons.Neurobiology of aging, , 14 (3 ) ,207-15 More Information

Crutcher, K A; Anderton, B H; Barger, S W; Ohm, T G; Snow, A D (1993. ) Cellular and molecular pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Hippocampus, , 3 Spec No ,271-87

Crutcher, K A (1993. ) Tissue sections as culture substrates: overview and critique. Hippocampus, , 3 Spec No ,157-63

Isaacson, L G; Saffran, B N; Crutcher, K A (1992. ) Nerve growth factor-induced sprouting of mature, uninjured sympathetic axons.The Journal of comparative neurology, , 326 (3 ) ,327-36 More Information

Crutcher, K A; Everson, W (1992. ) Fetal tissue.Nature, , 357 (6378 ) ,432 More Information

Liang, S; Crutcher, K A (1992. ) Neuronal migration on laminin in vitro.Brain research. Developmental brain research, , 66 (1 ) ,127-32 More Information

Crutcher, K A; Neaderhauser, J; Schmidt, P; Weingartner, J (1991. ) Neurite outgrowth on postmortem human brain cryostat sections: studies of non-Alzheimer's and Alzheimer's tissue.Experimental neurology, , 114 (2 ) ,228-36 More Information

Crutcher, K A; Weingartner, J Hippocampal NGF levels are not reduced in the aged Fischer 344 rat.Neurobiology of aging, , 12 (5 ) ,449-54 More Information

Crutcher, K A (1991. ) How to succeed in science.Perspectives in biology and medicine, , 34 (2 ) ,213-8 More Information

Weil, S M; Madison, R D; Crutcher, K A (1991. ) Collagen nerve guide tubes in the rat septohippocampal pathway.Restorative neurology and neuroscience, , 3 (4 ) ,167-75 More Information

Saffran, B N; Crutcher, K A (1990. ) NGF-induced remodeling of mature uninjured axon collaterals.Brain research, , 525 (1 ) ,11-20 More Information

Crutcher, K A Age-related decrease in sympathetic sprouting is primarily due to decreased target receptivity: implications for understanding brain aging.Neurobiology of aging, , 11 (3 ) ,175-83 More Information

Crutcher, K A (1990. ) Research on human embryos.Nature, , 343 (6253 ) ,10 More Information

Crutcher, K A (1990. ) The regulation of axonal growth in the mature mammalian nervous system. Acta neurobiologiae experimentalis, , 50 (4-5 ) ,115-24

Isaacson, L G; Saffran, B N; Crutcher, K A Intracerebral NGF infusion induces hyperinnervation of cerebral blood vessels.Neurobiology of aging, , 11 (1 ) ,51-5 More Information

Kesner, R P; Crutcher, K A; Omana, H (1990. ) Memory deficits following nucleus basalis magnocellularis lesions may be mediated through limbic, but not neocortical, targets.Neuroscience, , 38 (1 ) ,93-102 More Information

Crutcher, K A; Privitera, M (1989. ) Axonal regeneration on mature human brain tissue sections in culture.Annals of neurology, , 26 (4 ) ,580-3 More Information

Saffran, B N; Woo, J E; Mobley, W C; Crutcher, K A (1989. ) Intraventricular NGF infusion in the mature rat brain enhances sympathetic innervation of cerebrovascular targets but fails to elicit sympathetic ingrowth.Brain research, , 492 (1-2 ) ,245-54 More Information

Collins, F; Crutcher, K A (1989. ) Sustained elevation in hippocampal NGF-like biological activity following medial septal lesions in the rat.Brain research, , 490 (2 ) ,355-60 More Information

Crutcher, K A (1989. ) Tissue sections from the mature rat brain and spinal cord as substrates for neurite outgrowth in vitro: extensive growth on gray matter but little growth on white matter.Experimental neurology, , 104 (1 ) ,39-54 More Information

Kesner, R P; Adelstein, T B; Crutcher, K A (1989. ) Equivalent spatial location memory deficits in rats with medial septum or hippocampal formation lesions and patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type.Brain and cognition, , 9 (2 ) ,289-300 More Information

Crutcher, K A (1988. ) Fetal research ban.Science (New York, N.Y.), , 242 (4883 ) ,1227 More Information

Crutcher, K A; Marfurt, C F (1988. ) Nonregenerative axonal growth within the mature mammalian brain: ultrastructural identification of sympathohippocampal sprouts. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, , 8 (7 ) ,2289-302

Crutcher, K A; Danscher, G; Geneser, F A (1988. ) Hippocampus and dentate area of the European hedgehog. Comparative histochemical study.Brain, behavior and evolution, , 32 (5 ) ,269-76 More Information

Cook, T M; Crutcher, K A (1988. ) Lesion-induced CA1 mossy fibers in the rat represent a neoinnervation.Experimental brain research, , 70 (2 ) ,433-6 More Information

Saffran, B N; Crutcher, K A (1987. ) Putative gliotoxin, alpha-aminoadipic acid, fails to kill hippocampal astrocytes in vivo.Neuroscience letters, , 81 (1-2 ) ,215-20 More Information

Kesner, R P; Adelstein, T; Crutcher, K A (1987. ) Rats with nucleus basalis magnocellularis lesions mimic mnemonic symptomatology observed in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type.Behavioral neuroscience, , 101 (4 ) ,451-6 More Information

Crutcher, K A (1987. ) Sympathetic sprouting in the central nervous system: a model for studies of axonal growth in the mature mammalian brain.Brain research, , 434 (2 ) ,203-33 More Information

Kesner, R P; DiMattia, B V; Crutcher, K A (1987. ) Evidence for neocortical involvement in reference memory.Behavioral and neural biology, , 47 (1 ) ,40-53 More Information

Crutcher, K A; Collins, F (1986. ) Entorhinal lesions result in increased nerve growth factor-like growth-promoting activity in medium conditioned by hippocampal slices.Brain research, , 399 (2 ) ,383-9 More Information

Kesner, R P; Crutcher, K A; Measom, M O Medial septal and nucleus basalis magnocellularis lesions produce order memory deficits in rats which mimic symptomatology of Alzheimer's disease.Neurobiology of aging, , 7 (4 ) ,287-95 More Information

Cook, T M; Crutcher, K A (1986. ) Intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid produces significant pyramidal cell loss in neonatal rats.Neuroscience, , 18 (1 ) ,79-92 More Information

Crutcher, K A (1986. ) The role of growth factors in neuronal development and plasticity. CRC critical reviews in clinical neurobiology, , 2 (3 ) ,297-333

Collins, F; Crutcher, K A (1985. ) Neurotrophic activity in the adult rat hippocampal formation: regional distribution and increase after septal lesion. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, , 5 (10 ) ,2809-14

Cook, T M; Crutcher, K A (1985. ) Extensive target cell loss during development results in mossy fibers in the regio superior (CA1) of the rat hippocampal formation.Brain research, , 353 (1 ) ,19-30 More Information

Crutcher, K A; Chandler, J P (1985. ) Evidence for sprouting specificity following medial septal lesions in the rat.The Journal of comparative neurology, , 237 (1 ) ,116-26 More Information

Crutcher, K A; Chandler, J P (1984. ) Association of basal lamina with peripheral axons elongating within the rat central nervous system.Brain research, , 308 (1 ) ,177-81 More Information

Gibby, W A; Crutcher, K A (1984. ) Absence of sympathetic sprouting in the rat olfactory bulb after cholinergic denervation.Experimental neurology, , 84 (2 ) ,386-95 More Information

Chandler, J P; Crutcher, K A (1983. ) The septohippocampal projection in the rat: an electron microscopic horseradish peroxidase study.Neuroscience, , 10 (3 ) ,685-96 More Information

Crutcher, K A; Kesner, R P; Novak, J M (1983. ) Medial septal lesions, radial arm maze performance, and sympathetic sprouting: a study of recovery of function.Brain research, , 262 (1 ) ,91-8 More Information

Crutcher, K A; Collins, F (1982. ) In vitro Evidence for two distinct hippocampal growth factors: basis of neuronal plasticity?.Science (New York, N.Y.), , 217 (4554 ) ,67-8 More Information

Crutcher, K A Histochemical studies of sympathetic sprouting: fluorescence morphology of noradrenergic axons.Brain research bulletin, , 9 (1-6 ) ,501-8 More Information

Crutcher, K A (1982. ) Neonatal septal lesions result in sympathohippocampal innervation in the adult rat.Experimental neurology, , 76 (1 ) ,1-11 More Information

Crutcher, K A; Davis, J N (1982. ) Target regulation of sympathetic sprouting in the rat hippocampal formation.Experimental neurology, , 75 (2 ) ,347-59 More Information

Crutcher, K A (1982. ) Development of the rat septohippocampal projection: a retrograde fluorescent tracer study.Brain research, , 255 (1 ) ,145-50 More Information

Valdes, F; Dasheiff, R M; Birmingham, F; Crutcher, K A; McNamara, J O (1982. ) Benzodiazepine receptor increases after repeated seizures: evidence for localization to dentate granule cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, , 79 (1 ) ,193-7 More Information

Crutcher, K A (1981. ) Cholinergic denervation of rat neocortex results in sympathetic innervation.Experimental neurology, , 74 (1 ) ,324-9 More Information

Madison, R; Crutcher, K A; Davis, J N (1981. ) Sympathohippocampal neurons are inside the blood--brain barrier.Brain research, , 213 (1 ) ,183-9 More Information

Crutcher, K A; Brothers, L; Davis, J N (1981. ) Sympathetic noradrenergic sprouting in response to central cholinergic denervation; a histochemical study of neuronal sprouting in the rat hippocampal formation.Brain research, , 210 (1-2 ) ,115-28 More Information

Crutcher, K A; Davis, J N (1981. ) Sympathohippocampal sprouting is directed by a target tropic factor.Brain research, , 204 (2 ) ,410-4 More Information

Crutcher, K A; Madison, R; Davis, J N (1981. ) A study of the rat septohippocampal pathway using anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase.Neuroscience, , 6 (10 ) ,1961-73 More Information

Giron, L T; Crutcher, K A; Davis, J N (1980. ) Lymph nodes--a possible site for sympathetic neuronal regulation of immune responses.Annals of neurology, , 8 (5 ) ,520-5 More Information

Crutcher, K A; Davis, J N (1980. ) Noradrenergic sprouting in response to cholinergic denervation: the sympathohabenular connection.Experimental neurology, , 70 (1 ) ,187-91 More Information

Crutcher, K A; Davis, J N (1980. ) Hippocampal alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors: comparison of [3H]dihydroalprenolol and [3H]WB 4101 binding with noradrenergic innervation in the rat.Brain research, , 182 (1 ) ,107-17 More Information

Crutcher, K A; Brothers, L; Davis, J N (1979. ) Sprouting of sympathetic nerves in the absence of afferent input.Experimental neurology, , 66 (3 ) ,778-83 More Information

Felten, D L; Crutcher, K A (1979. ) Neuronal-vascular relationships in the raphe nuclei, locus coeruleus, and substantia nigra in primates.The American journal of anatomy, , 155 (4 ) ,467-81 More Information

Wagner, H R; Crutcher, K A; Davis, J N (1979. ) Chronic estrogen treatment decreases beta-adrenergic responses in rat cerebral cortex.Brain research, , 171 (1 ) ,147-51 More Information

Crutcher, K A; Bingham, W G (1978. ) Descending monoaminergic pathways in the primate spinal cord.The American journal of anatomy, , 153 (1 ) ,159-64 More Information

Crutcher, K A; Humbertson, A O (1978. ) The organization of monoamine neurons within the brainstem of the North American opossum (Didelphis virginiana).The Journal of comparative neurology, , 179 (1 ) ,195-221 More Information

Crutcher, K A; Humbertson, A O; Martin, G F (1978. ) The origin of brainstem-spinal pathways in the North American opossum (Didelphis virginiana). Studies using the horseradish peroxidase method.The Journal of comparative neurology, , 179 (1 ) ,169-93 More Information

Anatomy(MeSH A),Organisms(MeSH B),Diseases(MeSH C),Chemicals and Drugs(MeSH D),Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment(MeSH E),Biological Sciences(MeSH G),Information Science(MeSH L),Nervous System(MeSH A08),Tissues(MeSH A10),Cells(MeSH A11),Vertebrates(MeSH B02),Nervous System Diseases(MeSH C10),Enzymes, Coenzymes, and Enzyme Inhibitors(MeSH D08),Growth Substances, Pigments, and Vitamins(MeSH D11),Central Nervous System Agents(MeSH D15),Investigative Techniques(MeSH E05),Biological Phenomena, Cell Phenomena, and Immunity(MeSH G04)