Stephen M. Kralovic , MD,MPH

Dr. Kralovic has extensive experience in hospital infection control. His interests include health care outcomes with the VA medical system. He is board certified in Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases. Dr. Kralovic has been elected to the American College of Physicians, American Medical Association, American Society for Microbiology, Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. He is a peer reviewer for Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Journal of Medical & Veterinary Mycology, and Southern Medical Journal. His published works include approximately 10 publications.

Bachelor's Degree: John Carroll University University Heights, OH, 1984 (Biology Minor- Chemistry and Russian Studies)

Master's Degree: University of Akron Akron, OH, 1985 (Biology / Microbiology)

Medical Degree: Medical College of Ohio Toledo, OH, 1989

Residency: Akron General Medical Center Akron, OH, 1992 (Internal Medicine)

Fellowship: University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH, 1995 (Infectious Diseases)

Master's Degree: Ohio State University Columbus, OH, 2005 (Public Health)

American Board of Internal Medicine (Infectious Disease) (Certification Date: 11-10-1994 ) - (Recertification Date: to 10-20-2014 )

Infectious Disease

Infectious Diseases

Internal Medicine

Strategic Health Planning, Clinical Epidemiology Researcher

2003 -To Present Associate Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH

2001 - Assistant Professor, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH

1996 -2003 Assistant Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH

1996 -To Present Staff Physician Medical Epidemiologist, Emerging Pathogens Initiative, VAMC Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH

2000 -2001 Volunteer Instructor, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH

1994 -1996 Volunteer Faculty Clinical Instructor, Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH

1992 -1994 Clinical Instructor, Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH

1989 -1992 Assistant Clinical Instructor, Internal Medicine, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine,

1992 - Adjunt Faculty, Health Careers and Natural Sciences, Cuyahoga Community College,

1984 -1985 Graduate Teaching Assistant, Microbiology, University of Akron,

Peer Reviewed Publications

Jain, Rajiv; Kralovic, Stephen M; Evans, Martin E; Ambrose, Meredith; Simbartl, Loretta A; Obrosky, D Scott; Render, Marta L; Freyberg, Ron W; Jernigan, John A; Muder, Robert R; Miller, LaToya J; Roselle, Gary A (2011. ) Veterans Affairs initiative to prevent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.New England journal of medicine, , 364 (15 ) ,1419-30 More Information

de Perio, Marie A; Tsevat, Joel; Roselle, Gary A; Kralovic, Stephen M; Eckman, Mark H (2009. ) Cost-effectiveness of interferon gamma release assays vs tuberculin skin tests in health care workers.Archives of internal medicine, , 169 (2 ) ,179-87 More Information

Moosbrugger, Emily A; Adams, Brian B; Kralovic, Stephen M (2008. ) Cutaneous cryptococcosis in a patient on corticosteroid therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.International journal of dermatology, , 47 (6 ) ,630-2 More Information

Kelly, A A; Danko, L H; Kralovic, S M; Simbartl, L A; Roselle, G A (2003. ) Legionella in the veterans healthcare system: report of an eight-year survey. Epidemiology and infection, , 131 (2 ) ,835-9

Kralovic, Stephen M; Danko, Linda H; Simbartl, Loretta A; Roselle, Gary A (2003. ) Acute hepatitis B infection and hepatitis B surface antigen positivity reported in the Department of Veterans Affairs: occurrence in a population seeking medical assistance. Military medicine, , 168 (6 ) ,493-8

Roselle, Gary A; Danko, Linda H; Kralovic, Stephen M; Simbartl, Loretta A; Kizer, Kenneth W (2002. ) National Hepatitis C Surveillance Day in the Veterans Health Administration of the Department of Veterans Affairs. Military medicine, , 167 (9 ) ,756-9

Kralovic, Stephen M; Danko, Linda H; Roselle, Gary A (2002. ) Laboratory reporting of Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin in United States Department of Veterans Affairs facilities. Emerging infectious diseases, , 8 (4 ) ,402-7

Roselle, G A; Danko, L H; Kralovic, S M; Simbartl, L A; Kizer, K W (2000. ) Tuberculosis in the veterans healthcare system: a six-year review and evaluation of programme effectiveness. Epidemiology and infection, , 125 (2 ) ,315-23

Roselle, G A; Danko, L H; Kralovic, S M; Simbartl, L A; Hilley, J; Tryhus, P (1999. ) A six-year epidemiologic review of pneumonia in Department of Veterans Affairs facilities. Military medicine, , 164 (4 ) ,293-7

Kralovic, S M; Rhodes, J C (1998. ) Utility of routine testing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for cryptococcal antigen. Journal of clinical microbiology, , 36 (10 ) ,3088-9

Kralovic, S M; Rhodes, J C (1995. ) Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Dactylaria (human dactylariosis): report of a case with review of the literature. The Journal of infection, , 31 (2 ) ,107-13

Gilchrist, M J; Carman, R J; Kralovic, S M; Linnemann, C C (1995. ) Bacteremia due to a multicellular, spirally aggregated Clostridium strain. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, , 20 Suppl 2 ,S233-6

Kralovic, S M; Melin-Aldana, H; Smith, K K; Linnemann, C C (1995. ) Staphylococcus lugdunensis endocarditis after tooth extraction. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, , 20 (3 ) ,715-6

Kralovic, S M; Hutchins, M G; Smulian, A G (1995. ) Pancreatic abscess due to Eikenella corrodens in association with severe ethanolism. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, , 20 (1 ) ,198-9

Gupta, Nishant; Kralovic, Stephen M; McGraw, Dennis (2014. ) Lemierre syndrome: not so forgotten!.American Journal of Critical Care , , 23 (2 ) ,176-9 More Information

Ramanathan, Swetha; Johnson, Stuart; Burns, Stephen P; Kralovic, Stephen M; Goldstein, Barry; Smith, Bridget; Gerding, Dale N; Evans, Charlesnika T (2014. ) Recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection among veterans with spinal cord injury and disorder.American journal of infection control, , 42 (2 ) ,168-73 More Information

Evans, Martin E; Kralovic, Stephen M; Simbartl, Loretta A; Freyberg, Ron W; Obrosky, D Scott; Roselle, Gary A; Jain, Rajiv (2014. ) Nationwide reduction of health care-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in Veterans Affairs long-term care facilities.American journal of infection control, , 42 (1 ) ,60-2 More Information

Smulian, A George; Moore, Diana M; Robertson, Jaime C; Kralovic, Stephen M Phase I study demonstrates safety and tolerability of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the anal mucosa.HIV clinical trials, , 15 (1 ) ,36-44 More Information

al-Khafaji, B; Kralovic, S; Smith, R D (1997. ) Increased hepatic iron in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: an autopsy study. Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc, , 10 (5 ) ,474-80

Evans ME, Simbartl LA, Kralovic SM, Jain R, Roselle GA (2014. ) “Clostridium difficile Infections in Veterans Health Administration Acute Care Facilities” .Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology , , 35 (8 ) ,1037-1042

Balbale SN, Johnson S, Burns SP, Kralovic SM, Goldstein B, Gerding DN, Evans CT. (2014. ) “Community-associated Clostridium difficile infection in Veterans with Spinal Cord Injury/Disorder” .Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology , , 35 (5 ) ,577-580

Smulian AG, Moore DM, Robertson JC, Kralovic SM. (2014. ) “A Phase I study demonstrates safety and tolerability of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the anal mucosa” .HIV Clinical Trials , , 15 (1 ) ,36-44

Ramanathan W, Johnson S, Burns SP, Kralovic SM, Goldstein B, Smith B, Gerding DN, Evans CT. (2014. ) “Recurrence of Clostridium difficile Infection among Veterans with Spinal Cord Injury and Disorder” .American Journal of Infection Control, , 42 (2 ) ,168-173

Evans ME, Kralovic SM, Simbartl LA, Freyberg RW, Obrosky DS, Roselle GA, Jain R. (2014. ) "Nationwide Reduction of Healthcare-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Veterans Affairs Long-Term Care Facilities" .American Journal of Infection Control , , 41 (1 ) ,60-61

Evans ME, Kralovic SM, Simbartl LA, Freyberg RW, Obrosky DS, Roselle GA, Jain R. (2013. ) “Veterans Affairs Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Prevention Initiative Associated with a Sustained Reduction in Transmissions and Healthcare-Associated Infections” .American Journal of Infection Control , , 41 (11 ) ,1093-5

Evans ME, Kralovic SM, Simbartl LA, Obrosky DS, Hammond MC, Goldstein B, Evans CT, Jain R, Roselle GA (2013. ) “Effects of Veterans Affairs Initiative to Prevent MRSA Healthcare-associated Infections in Spinal Cord Injury Units” .American Journal of Infection Control , , 41 (5 ) ,422-426

Kralovic SM, Evans, ME, Simbartl LA, Ambrose M, Jain R., Roselle GA. (2013. ) “Zeroing in on MRSA: Veterans Health Administration’s MRSA Prevention Initiative.” .American Journal of Infection Control , , 41 (5 ) ,456-458

Gamage SD, Simbartl SA, Kralovic SM, Wallace KS, Roselle GA. (2013. ) “U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) SMEC-bio Reporting for Leadership Decision Support” .Online Journal of Public Health Informatic, , 5 (1 ) ,

Evans ME, Kralovic SM, Jain R. (2011. ) “Transmission of Resistant Bacteria in Intensive Care”, authors’ response to Letters to the Editor in the New England Journal of Medicine.” .NEJM, , (365 ) ,761-766

Gamage S, Mohtashemi M, Simbartl L, Kralovic S, Wallace K, Roselle G. (2011. ) “Analysis of Dengue in Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Patients in Puerto Rico” .Emerging Health Threats Journal , , 4 ((Suppl 2) ) ,11184

Wallace KS, Roselle GA, Gamage S, Green D, Simbartl LA, Villeneuve M, Lacey J, Kralovic SM, Riojas JD. (2011. ) “The United States Department of Veterans Affairs Integrated Operations Center (VA IOC): Collaborations for Surveillance, Analysis and Prediction of Infectious Disease Threat Preparedness—Pilot Review of Dengue Occurrence” .Emerging Health Threats Journal , , 4 ,s155

Clifton, Marla; Kralovic, Stephen M; Simbartl, Loretta A; Minor, Lisa; Hasselbeck, Rachael; Martin, Tina; Roselle, Gary A (2018. ) Achieving balance between implementing effective infection prevention and control practices and maintaining a home-like setting in U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs nursing homes.American journal of infection control, , 46 (11 ) ,1307-1310 More Information

Nelson, Richard E; Evans, Martin E; Simbartl, Loretta; Jones, Makoto; Samore, Matthew H; Kralovic, Stephen M; Roselle, Gary A; Rubin, Michael A (2018. ) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization and Pre- and Post-hospital Discharge Infection Risk.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, , More Information

Krein, Sarah L; Greene, M Todd; King, Beth; Welsh, Deborah; Fowler, Karen E; Trautner, Barbara W; Ratz, David; Saint, Sanjay; Roselle, Gary; Clifton, Marla; Kralovic, Stephen M; Martin, Tina; Mody, Lona (2018. ) Assessing a National Collaborative Program To Prevent Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in a Veterans Health Administration Nursing Home Cohort.Infection control and hospital epidemiology, , 39 (7 ) ,820-825 More Information

Singh, Maninder B; Evans, Martin E; Simbartl, Loretta A; Kralovic, Stephen M; Roselle, Gary A (2018. ) Evaluating the Effect of a Clostridium difficile Infection Prevention Initiative in Veterans Health Administration Long-Term Care Facilities.Infection control and hospital epidemiology, , 39 (3 ) ,343-345 More Information

Castellino, Laila M; Gamage, Shantini D; Hoffman, Patti V; Kralovic, Stephen M; Holodniy, Mark; Bernstein, Jack M; Roselle, Gary A (2017. ) Healthcare-associated Legionnaires' disease: Limitations of surveillance definitions and importance of epidemiologic investigation.Journal of infection prevention, , 18 (6 ) ,307-310 More Information

Evans, Martin E; Kralovic, Stephen M; Simbartl, Loretta A; Jain, Rajiv; Roselle, Gary A (2017. ) Eight years of decreased methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus health care-associated infections associated with a Veterans Affairs prevention initiative.American journal of infection control, , 45 (1 ) ,13-16 More Information

Khanna, Suchin R; Kralovic, Stephen M; Prakash, Rajan (2016. ) Tuberculous Meningitis in an Immunocompetent Host: A Case Report. The American journal of case reports, , 17 ,977-981

Goto, Michihiko; O'Shea, Amy M J; Livorsi, Daniel J; McDanel, Jennifer S; Jones, Makoto M; Richardson, Kelly K; Beck, Brice F; Alexander, Bruce; Evans, Martin E; Roselle, Gary A; Kralovic, Stephen M; Perencevich, Eli N (2016. ) The Effect of a Nationwide Infection Control Program Expansion on Hospital-Onset Gram-Negative Rod Bacteremia in 130 Veterans Health Administration Medical Centers: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, , 63 (5 ) ,642-650 More Information

Gamage, Shantini D; Ambrose, Meredith; Kralovic, Stephen M; Roselle, Gary A (2016. ) Water Safety and Legionella in Health Care: Priorities, Policy, and Practice.Infectious disease clinics of North America, , 30 (3 ) ,689-712 More Information

Gamage, Shantini D; Kralovic, Stephen M; Roselle, Gary A (2015. ) The Case for Routine Environmental Testing for Legionella Bacteria in Healthcare Facility Water Distribution Systems-Reconciling CDC Position and Guidance Regarding Risk.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, , 61 (9 ) ,1487-8 More Information

2008 Special Contribution Award VA

2008 Special Service Award VA

2007 Special Service Award VA

2006 Certificate of Appreciation VA (National Training and Education Office)

2000 Special Contribution Award VA

1999 Certificate of Appreciation VA (Emerging Pathogens Guidebook)

1994 ICAAC Travel Award Winner

1989 Student Support Award (voted upon by fellow classmates for non-faculty personnel) Medical College of Ohio

1989 Mead-Johnson Student Service Award Medical College of Ohio

1984 cum laude John Carroll University

1981 Valedictorian Highland High School

infection, pathogen, epidemiology, hepatitis, staphylococcus, scabies, candida, tuberculosis, infectious diseases

Academic - Cincinnati Veteran Affairs Medical Center
3200 Vine Street
Cincinnati  Ohio, 45220
Phone: 513-558-4704
Fax: 513-475-6415
stephen.kralovic@va.gov